Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
In addition to the state-of-the-art facilities and equipment at NUSC department and Institute of Materials Science (IMS), Dr. Luo's laboratory is equipped with a wide range of instruments for multidisciplinary research projects and applications, including food chemistry and engineering, nanotechnology, materials characterization, etc. If you are interested in learning more about our facilities, please email Dr. Luo with your queries. We welcome collaborations.
Atomic Force Microscope: Anton Paar TOSCA
Contact Mode & Tapping Mode
Force Distance Curve
Contact Resonance Amplitude Imaging
Electrostatic Force Microscopy
Magnetic Force Microscopy
Kelvin Probe Microscopy
Conductive AFM
Modular Compact Rheometer: Anton Paar MCR-302
Low viscosity samples (low protein solution)
Low volume measurement (40 μL: animal blood)
Interfacial rheology test (biofilms, emulsions, etc.)
Tribology study - mouthfeel sensation, texture
Precise temperature control (-20 to 200 Celsius)
PERMATRAN-W 3/34 WVTR Analyzer
MOCON’s patented modulated infrared sensor
The only modulated sensor system on the market
Low detection levels down to 0.005 g/(m2 x day)
Fully automated temperature, flow and RH controls
FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer
Configured to simultaneously test C, H, N, S
Small sample size and short running time
High sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility
Fully automated analytical workflows
Simplicity: No sample pre-treatment required
IKA Photobioreactor (HABITAT)
Easy control and monitoring of bioprocesses and associated parameters
Precise and individually adjustable gas supply
Integrated pumps to control up to 4 liquid supplies
Equipped with various sensors (pH, temp, turbidity, CO2)
The constant and precise temperature control
Two LED light panels for photoreactions
Nano Spray Dryer: Buchi B-90
Uniform particle generation
Sub-micron sized powders
Tunable size via high frequency vibrational mesh
Low sample volume (~ 20 mL)
Low concentration sample (0.5 mg/mL)
ZetaSizer: Malvern Nano ZS-90
Size measurement 0.3 nm - 10 micron
Zeta potential measurement
Molecular weight measurement
Wide range of sample concentrations
LM10 Microfluidizer: High-Shear Fluid Processor
Ceramic Internation Chamber
Cooling coil & bath assembly
Minimum sample size: 30 mL
Flow rate up to 600 mL/min
Pressure range up to 23,000 psi
Continuous processing and high yields
Unmatched particle/droplet size-reduction
Texture Analyzer: Stable Micro Systems TA.XT plusC